Pattern · Foundations

Building Effective Agents

Anthropic · Dec 2024

T W A

The distinction. Task (single call) vs Workflow (predefined control flow — you own the plumbing) vs Agent (model owns the plumbing).

Task Single model call summarize · classify · extract Workflow You own the plumbing chains · routes · orchestrator Agent Model owns the plumbing open-ended · self-directed Simple, cheap, predictable Complex, costly, non-deterministic House rule: the right answer is usually one rung lower than what the client first proposed
The Task → Workflow → Agent ladder. Cost and unpredictability rise left to right. Climb only when the rung below has measurably failed.

Five workflow patterns: prompt chaining, routing, parallelization, orchestrator-workers, evaluator-optimizer.

Design rule: start simple, measure everything, add complexity only when it produces measurable value. "Don't build agents for everything."

Primary source

Our default sequence for client design reviews. Walk every proposed automation up the workflow → agent ladder.